Raman Amplification

1. VPItransmissionMaker™ WDM can simulate systems with lumped or distributed Raman amplification (DRA).
2. The gain, noise figure, the OSNR, etc., can be plotted over the optical frequency/wavelength. Wavelengths and power of multiple pumps can be optimized to achieve a user-specified gain or output power spectrum in fiber Raman amplifiers.
3. Transient effects such as gain variations if channels/pumps are added, dropped, or their powers are modified can be investigated
4. In this example, Raman amplification is used to upgrade a WDM system from 10 Gbps to 40 Gbps. This is achieved by backward pumping the transmission fiber from the receiver terminal end.